The Impact of Screen Time on Children: A Paediatrician's Perspective

By Specialist Paediatrician, Dr Strini Chetty

In the digital age, screens have become an integral part of our daily lives. From televisions to smartphones, tablets to laptops, they are everywhere, and our children are not immune to their allure.
As a Specialist Paediatrician, I have observed the increasing trend of screen time among children and its potential effects.
Screen time refers to the time spent using a device such as a smartphone, computer, television, or game console. While these devices can be educational and entertaining, excessive screen time can have several short-term and long-term effects on children.

Short-term Effects
In the short term, excessive screen time can lead to:
• Physical discomfort, such as eye strain and headaches
• Cognitive and Attention Issues: Excessive screen time can lead to difficulties in maintaining focus and attention. Children may struggle with tasks that require sustained concentration, impacting their learning and academic performance.
• Sleep Disruption: The blue light emitted by screens can interfere with the natural sleep cycle, leading to difficulties in falling asleep and reduced sleep quality. This can result in fatigue and decreased alertness during the day.

Long-term Effects
Long-term effects are more concerning.
• Psychological Impact: Prolonged screen time is linked to an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and lower self-esteem in children and adolescents. The constant exposure to idealized images and lifestyles on social media can negatively impact their mental health.
• Physical Health Concerns: Long-term excessive screen time is associated with a higher risk of obesity due to sedentary behaviour and unhealthy snacking habits. It can also lead to postural problems and musculoskeletal discomfort.
• Social Skills Development: Children who spend excessive time on screens may have fewer opportunities to engage in face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for developing social skills. This can lead to difficulties in forming and maintaining relationships.
• Addictive Behaviours: There is a growing concern about screen addiction, where children become overly dependent on digital devices, leading to neglect of other activities and responsibilities.

Why the Increase in Screen Time?
The reasons for the increase in screen time are multifaceted. The digital revolution has made screens a central part of education, communication, and entertainment. The ongoing pandemic has further exacerbated this trend, with remote learning and social distancing measures pushing children towards more screen-based activities.

Recommendations
As parents, it's essential to set healthy screen time habits. Here are some recommendations:
• Set Clear Limits: Establish daily screen time limits. The American Academy of Paediatrics recommends no more than one hour per day for children aged 2 to 5, and consistent limits for older children.
• Encourage Physical Activity: Encourage your children to engage in physical activities. This can help counteract the sedentary behaviour associated with screen time.
• Promote Quality Screen Time: Not all screen time is created equal. Encourage educational content over passive entertainment.
• Lead by Example: Children often mimic adult behaviours. Limit your own screen time and engage in offline activities.
• Create Screen-Free Zones and Times: Make certain areas of the home screen-free, like the dining table. Also, establish screen-free times, such as during meals or an hour before bedtime.

While screens are an integral part of modern life, it is crucial to balance their use with other activities that promote physical, mental, and social well-being. Parents and caregivers play a vital role in setting healthy screen time habits and providing alternatives that encourage a more active and socially interactive lifestyle.